cc_bySampietro,H.M.Guilera,G.Berrío,A.L.Barrios,M.Rojo,J.E.Boevink,W.Kroon,H.Gómez-Benito,J.2025-02-012025-02-012024Sampietro, H M, Guilera, G, Berrío, A L, Barrios, M, Rojo, J E, Boevink, W, Kroon, H & Gómez-Benito, J 2024, 'Spanish version of the Netherlands Empowerment List : Adaptation, psychometric validation, and gender differential item functioning analysis', International journal of mental health and addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-024-01321-01557-187410.1007/s11469-024-01321-0https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14602/81236There is a lack of valid instruments to measure empowerment in Spanish-speaking populations. This study aimed to adapt the Netherlands Empowerment List (NEL), a 40-item scale, into Spanish and to test its psychometric properties examining its dimensional structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, relationships with other variables, and differential item functioning by gender. Participants were 406 users of mental health community rehabilitation services (52.5% male), with a mean age of 47.8 years. Results confirmed a six first-order factor structure of the scale. Internal consistency was excellent for the total score and ranged from excellent to adequate for subscale scores. Temporal stability was excellent for four subscales and good for the remaining two. The analysis of relationships between the Spanish NEL with other variables (i.e., empowerment, recovery, hope, perceived social support) provided additional evidence of its validity. Although four items showed uniform differential item functioning by gender, the effect size was negligible. The Spanish NEL yields valid and reliable scores, and it may be used to assess empowerment in Spanish-speaking countries.enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessempowermentmental healthNetherlands Empowerment Listvalidity evidencereliabilitydifferential item functioningArticleGeneral rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. - Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. - You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain - You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal" Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85193265496open94155697132211217https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/43fd10ac-1341-47c7-9b19-8b9b5a104871https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/(c) Universiteit van TilburgSampietro, H.M.Guilera, G.Berrío, A.L.Barrios, M.Rojo, J.E.Boevink, W.Kroon, H.§0000-0002-2259-1628Gómez-Benito, J.