Scholz,ChristinChan,Hang-YeePoldrack,Russell Ade Ridder,Denise T DSmidts,Alevan der Laan,Laura Nynke2025-02-012025-02-012022-11Scholz, C, Chan, H-Y, Poldrack, R A, de Ridder, D T D, Smidts, A & van der Laan, L N 2022, 'Can we have a second helping? A preregistered direct replication study on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying self-control', Human Brain Mapping, vol. 43, no. 16, pp. 4995-5016. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.260651097-0193ORCID: /0000-0003-4307-0888/work/12961450510.1002/hbm.26065https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14602/77688Funding Information: This work is supported by a governmental research grant: the call for Replication studies of the Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) (grant number: 401.16.023). The funding source had no role in the design of this study, the data collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Self-control is of vital importance for human wellbeing. Hare et al. (2009) were among the first to provide empirical evidence on the neural correlates of self-control. This seminal study profoundly impacted theory and empirical work across multiple fields. To solidify the empirical evidence supporting self-control theory, we conducted a preregistered replication of this work. Further, we tested the robustness of the findings across analytic strategies. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while rating 50 food items on healthiness and tastiness and making choices about food consumption. We closely replicated the original analysis pipeline and supplemented it with additional exploratory analyses to follow-up on unexpected findings and to test the sensitivity of results to key analytical choices. Our replication data provide support for the notion that decisions are associated with a value signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which integrates relevant choice attributes to inform a final decision. We found that vmPFC activity was correlated with goal values regardless of the amount of self-control and it correlated with both taste and health in self-controllers but only taste in non-self-controllers. We did not find strong support for the hypothesized role of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in self-control. The absence of statistically significant group differences in dlPFC activity during successful self-control in our sample contrasts with the notion that dlPFC involvement is required in order to effectively integrate longer-term goals into subjective value judgments. Exploratory analyses highlight the sensitivity of results (in terms of effect size) to the analytical strategy, for instance, concerning the approach to region-of-interest analysis.enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessHumansMagnetic Resonance Imaging/methodsPrefrontal Cortex/Diagnostic imagingSelf-ControlTasteSystemReplicationActivationValue ComputationStimulationDecision-makingSelf-controlSubjective ValueMetaanalysisVMPFCDlPFCFunctional ConnectivityFMRIArticleGeneral rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. - Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. - You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain - You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal" Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/851375183786411302222https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/45e54b38-3b78-491f-af61-c46554654f71(c) Universiteit van TilburgScholz, ChristinChan, Hang-YeePoldrack, Russell Ade Ridder, Denise T DSmidts, Alevan der Laan, Laura Nynke§0000-0003-4307-0888