Item

Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation?: Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity

Terpstra,Arnout
; 
Rooij,Alwin De
; 
Schouten,Alexander
Abstract
Detecting fraud during online exams using proctoring software comes with substantial privacy challenges. Previous work argues students experience heightened anxiety and have privacy concerns. However, little is known about which specific aspects of online proctoring cause these concerns. This study contributes such insights by using the Contextual Integrity (CI) framework to discover how students (N = 456) rate the acceptability of 1064 proctoring information flows with varying information types, recipients, and transmission principles. We find that the acceptability varies considerably depending on the context. Besides exposing obvious privacy violations, we find that, under certain conditions, students consider it acceptable to share data with teachers - despite their lack of involvement in proctoring. Also, the acceptability of sharing highly sensitive information - which should under no circumstances be shared - sometimes increases. We discuss the implications of these and other findings and provide concrete recommendations for educational institutions using online proctoring.
Description
Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Owner/Author.
Date
2023-04-19
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ACM
Collections
Tilburg University Research Output Collection
Show all metadata
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Keywords
Proctoring, Privacy, Contextual integrity, Design
Citation
Terpstra, A, Rooij, A D & Schouten, A 2023, Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation? Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity. in CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems., 167, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, ACM, pp. 1-20, CHI '23: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , Hamburg , Germany, 23/04/23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581181
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14602/25075
License
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Embedded videos