Loading...
The social cognitions of victims of bullying: A systematic review
Kellij,Sanne Lodder,Gerine M. A. van den Bedem,Neeltje Guroglu,Berna Veenstra,Rene
Kellij,Sanne
Lodder,Gerine M. A.
van den Bedem,Neeltje
Guroglu,Berna
Veenstra,Rene
Abstract
The nature of the relation between victimization of bullying and social information processing is unclear. The prevention hypothesis predicts that victims focus more on negative social cues to prevent further escalation. In contrast, the reaffiliation hypothesis predicts that victims focus more on positive social cues to restore the social situation. Alternatively, the desensitization hypothesis predicts that victims become increasingly insensitive to social cues because of a numbing effect. This systematic review examines evidence for these three hypotheses on the relation between victimization and social information processing. The focus is on two phases of social information processing: encoding of social information (attending to and registration of social cues) and interpreting social information (making sense of multiple social cues simultaneously). These phases are important prerequisites for behavioral responses. The systematic search led to the inclusion of 142 articles, which were published between 1998 and 2021 and received quality assessment. The studies included on average about 1600 participants (range: 14-25,684), who were on average 11.4 years old (range: 4.1-17.0). The topics covered in the literature included attention to and accurate registration of social cues, peer perception, attribution of situations, empathy, and theory of mind. The results were most often in line with the prevention hypothesis and suggested that victimization is related to a negative social-cognitive style, as shown by a more negative perception of peers in general and more negative situational attribution. Victimization seemed unrelated to abilities to empathize or understand others, which contradicted the desensitization hypothesis. However, desensitization may only occur after prolonged and persistent victimization, which to date has been sparsely studied. The reaffiliation hypothesis could not be thoroughly examined, because most studies did not include positive social cues. In bullying prevention, it is important to consider the negative social information processing style related to victimization, because this style may impede the development of positive social interactions.
Description
This work was supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWA Startimpuls 400.17.602 to BG and RV; 016.Veni.195.186 to GL).
Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Keywords
Social information processing, Victimization, Bullying, Attribution bias, Encoding, Empathy, TRAIT EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, HOSTILE ATTRIBUTION BIAS, THEORY-OF-MIND, PEER-VICTIMIZATION, RELATIONAL VICTIMIZATION, REJECTION SENSITIVITY, SCHOOL CLIMATE, INTERNALIZING SYMPTOMS, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, INTENT ATTRIBUTIONS, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Citation
Kellij, S, Lodder, G M A, van den Bedem, N, Guroglu, B & Veenstra, R 2022, 'The social cognitions of victims of bullying : A systematic review', Adolescent Research Review, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 287-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00183-8
License
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess