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Goodhart’s law in China: Bank branching regulation and window dressing
Gong,D. Huizinga,Harry Li,T Zhu,J
Gong,D.
Huizinga,Harry
Li,T
Zhu,J
Abstract
After the removal of geographic restrictions on branching in 2006, China’s city commercial banks (CCBs) can apply for permission to branch outside their province. This paper shows that CCBs report a higher provision coverage ratio (PCR) before filing an application, thereby making the bank look safer to regulators. Our finding is robust to controlling for possible endogeneity of the branching application decision by employing propensity score matching estimators, and it is confirmed when we consider a quasi-natural experiment of deregulation reversal. Tests of the dynamic effects show evidence of reversals in PCR adjustment after applications. Higher PCR before branching applications cannot be explained by alternative rationales for manipulating loan loss reserves such as fundamental provisions, earnings management, capital management, and market signaling. Window dressers receive more supervisory penalties after filing applications relative to other branching banks. Our finding of window dressing in response to bank branching regulation confirms Goodhart’s insight that when a regulatory metric becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.
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Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Date
2023-12
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84240794.pdf
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Keywords
Branching, Deregulation, Goodhart's law, Loan loss provisions, Provision coverage ratio, Window dressing, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
Citation
Gong, D, Huizinga, H, Li, T & Zhu, J 2023, 'Goodhart’s law in China: Bank branching regulation and window dressing', Journal of Empirical Finance, vol. 74, 101434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2023.101434