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Sex and gender differences in psychosocial risk profiles among patients with coronary heart disease: The THORESCI-Gender study
van den Houdt,S.C.M. Mommersteeg,P.M.C. Widdershoven,J.W.M.G. Kupper,H.M.
van den Houdt,S.C.M.
Mommersteeg,P.M.C.
Widdershoven,J.W.M.G.
Kupper,H.M.
Abstract
Background Psychosocial factors tend to cluster and exhibit differences associated with sex assigned at birth. Gender disparities, though, remain uncharted so far. The current study aimed to first explore the clustering of eight established psychosocial risk factors among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), followed by examining how sex and gender differences characterize these psychosocial risk profiles, while adjusting for the effect of age. Method In total, 532 patients with CHD (Mage = 68.2 ± 8.9; 84% male) completed the comprehensive psychosocial screener and questionnaires to gauge gender identity, traits, and sociocultural norm scores. A three-step latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify latent profiles and their correlates. Results LPA revealed six psychosocial risk profiles: (1) somewhat distressed overall (32%); (2) low distress (27%); (3) anger, hostility, and Type D (15%); (4) emotional distress and trauma (11%); (5) anxiety (9%); and (6) high overall distress (7%). Masculine traits and older age increased the odds to belong to the low distress profile (#2), while feminine traits and a feminine gender norm score increased the chance to belong to profiles with moderate to high distress. The effects of gender identity and feminine traits were sex dependent. Conclusion The current study’s findings explain heterogeneity among patients with CHD by considering the joint occurrence of psychosocial risk factors, and the role of sex, age, and gender within those profiles. Being more sensitive to the roles that sex, gender, and an integrated set of risk factors play may ultimately improve treatment and adherence.
Description
NWO Aspasia grant (Dutch Research Council) granted to NK (grant number: 015008055) and by the Gender and Prevention grant awarded by The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw grant number: 555003012) to NK.
Date
2023
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Publisher
Research Projects
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Keywords
Acute coronary syndrome; Latent profile analysis, Gender, Psychosocial risk factors, Sex, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
Citation
van den Houdt, S C M, Mommersteeg, P M C, Widdershoven, J W M G & Kupper, H M 2023, 'Sex and gender differences in psychosocial risk profiles among patients with coronary heart disease : The THORESCI-Gender study', International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-023-10170-5
License
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess