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Temporal displacement of environmental crime: Evidence from marine oil pollution
Vollaard,Ben
Vollaard,Ben
Abstract
We provide evidence for temporal displacement of illegal discharges of oil from shipping, a major source of ocean pollution, in response to a monitoring technology that features variation in the probability of conviction by time of day. During the nighttime, evidence collected by Coast Guard aircraft using radar becomes contestable in court because the nature of an identified spot cannot be verified visually by an observer on board of the aircraft. Seasonal variation in time of sunset is used to distinguish evasive behavior from daily routines on board. Using data from surveillance flights above the Dutch part of the North Sea during 1992–2011, we provide evidence for a sudden increase in illegal discharges after sunset across the year. Our results show that even a tiny chance of getting caught and a mild punishment can have a major impact on behavior.
Description
Date
2017-03
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Keywords
deterrence, pollution, environmental crime, K - Law and Economics, K32 - Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law, K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law, SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Citation
Vollaard, B 2017, 'Temporal displacement of environmental crime : Evidence from marine oil pollution', Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol. 82, pp. 168-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2016.11.001
License
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess