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Crying without tears: Dimensions of crying and relations with ocular dryness and mental well-being in patients with Sjögren's syndrome
van Leeuwen,N. Bossema,E.R. Vermeer,R.R. Kruize,H. Bootsma,A.J.J.M. Vingerhoets,Ad Bijlsma,R.J. Geenen,R.
van Leeuwen,N.
Bossema,E.R.
Vermeer,R.R.
Kruize,H.
Bootsma,A.J.J.M.
Vingerhoets,Ad
Bijlsma,R.J.
Geenen,R.
Abstract
This study examined dimensions of crying and its relations with ocular dryness and mental well-being in patients with Sjo¨gren’s syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disease with dryness as primary symptom. Three-hundred patients with Sjo¨gren’s syndrome completed questionnaires on crying, dryness, and well-being. The crying questionnaire revealed four dimensions: ‘‘Cryability’’ (comprising both crying sensibility and ability to cry), Somatic consequences, Frustration, and Suppression. Compared to 100 demographically-matched control participants from the general population, patients scored low on Cryability and high on Somatic consequences and Frustration. The crying dimensions generally showed significant but weak associations with ocular dryness and mental well-being in patients. This is the first quantitative study indicating that crying problems are more common in patients with Sjo¨gren’s syndrome than in the general population. Perhaps, patients who experience problems with crying could be helped to rely on other ways of expressing emotions than crying in tear-inducing situations.
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2016
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Research Projects
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van Leeuwen, N, Bossema, E R, Vermeer, R R, Kruize, H, Bootsma, A J J M, Vingerhoets, A, Bijlsma, R J & Geenen, R 2016, 'Crying without tears : Dimensions of crying and relations with ocular dryness and mental well-being in patients with Sjögren's syndrome', Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-015-9432-9